Deliverable D3.4 presents the results of a large-scale, multi-method study exploring how self-driving vehicles are perceived by citizens and organisations across eight European countries. Conducted as part of the Move2CCAM project, this deliverable captures the anticipated impacts of autonomous passenger and freight transport services on everyday life, regional mobility systems, and broader social, economic, and environmental outcomes.

Key features of the deliverable include:

• Over 9,000 participants involved through co-creation workshops, surveys, vehicle demonstrations, virtual reality experiments, and interviews.

• Analysis of public perceptions across eight impact domains: mobility, transport networks, land use, environment, economy, equity, public health, safety, and security.

• Assessment of 10 CCAM use cases, including self-driving buses, e-hailing services, medical drones, and delivery robots.

Highlights:

• Citizens generally view self-driving vehicles as safe, comfortable, and accessible, though concerns remain about personal security, cyber risks, and job displacement.

• Organisations recognise benefits like improved reliability and night-time accessibility, but raise issues around cost, infrastructure, and user trust.

• Mixed views exist on whether self-driving vehicles will reduce traffic or parking needs, but many expect a rise in travel demand and changes to land use and logistics.

• Both groups see significant potential, but emphasise the need for human support, inclusive design, and strong regulatory safeguards.

This deliverable provides an in-depth, citizen- and stakeholder-informed foundation for assessing the real-world viability and social acceptance of self-driving mobility services in Europe.